Industrial Zones and Pakistan Export Stagnation Puzzle
A decade after Pakistan and China embarked upon an ambitious industrial cooperation framework premised on Special Economic Zones as engines of export diversification, the structural composition of Pakistan’s external trade remains stubbornly anchored in low value-added categories. Textile yarn, basic cotton derivatives, rudimentary
China Policy Pivot Consumption Versus Industrial Expansion
China’s economic trajectory has entered a phase of structural recalibration that carries implications far beyond its national borders. The long standing growth model, anchored in investment led industrial expansion, export competitiveness, and state directed infrastructure accumulation, is now being reassessed under the pressures